Friday, September 6, 2013

Culture of Indonesia : Complex Cultural Mixture Very Different From the Original Indigenous Cultures

Culture of Indonesia

Culture of Indonesia
Culture of IndonesiaThe culture of Indonesia has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Indonesia is centrally-located along ancient trading routes between the Far East and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam and Christianity, all strong in the major trading cities. The result is a complex cultural mixture very different from the original indigenous cultures.
Examples of cultural fusion include the fusion of Islam with Hindu in Javanese Abangan belief, the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism and animism in Bodha, and the fusion of Hinduism and animism in Kaharingan; others could be cited.
Balinese dances have
and Hindu kingdoms, while
architecture are present in Sumatra,
Aceh regions. Traditional
combined in a martial art form
stories about ancient Buddhist
Islamic art forms and
especially in the Minangkabau and
art, music and sport are
called Pencak Silat.
Despite the influences
remote Indonesian regions
indigenous culture. Indigenous
Asmat, Dani, Dayak, Toraja and
practicing their ethnic rituals,
traditional clothes.
of foreign culture, some
still preserve uniquely
ethnic groups Mentawai,
many others are still
customs and wearing
-
Indonesia is home to
those from the islands of
frequently recorded. The
East Java and Bali is the
various styles of music, with
Java, Sumatra and Bali being
traditional music of central and
gamelan.
On June 29, 1965, Koes
pop group in the 1960s,
imprisoned in Glodok, West
Western-style music. After the
the law was rescinded, and
prison was dismantled and
mall.
Plus, a leading Indonesian
1970s and 1980s, was
Jakarta, for playing
resignation of President Sukarno,
in the 1970s the Glodok
replaced with a large shopping
-
The soft Sasando music
Nusa Tenggara in West Timor
Sasando uses an instrument made
Lontar palm , which bears some
from the province of East
is completely different.
from a split leaf of the
resemblance to a harp.
Indonesian dance
culture from ethnic groups that
Indonesia. Austronesian roots and
visible, and influences ranging
countries; such as India, China,
western styles through
their own distinct dances;
Indonesia are more than 3000
However, the dances of Indonesia
eras; the Prehistoric Era,
the Era of Islam, and into
folk dance.
reflects the diversity of
composed the nation of
Melanesian tribal dance forms are
from neighboring Asian
and Middle East to European
colonization. Each ethnic group has
makes total dances in
Indonesian original dances.
can be divided into three
the Hindu/Buddhist Era and
two genres; court dance and
-
There is a continuum in
depicting episodes from the
India, ranging through
There is a marked difference,
stylized dances of the courts of
popular variations. While the
even performed
dance art and drama must
the traditional dances
Ramayana and Mahabharata from
Thailand, all the way to Bali.
though, between the highly
Yogyakarta and Surakarta and their
court dances are promoted and
internationally, the popular forms of
largely be discovered locally.
During the last few
Aceh Darussalam has become
portrayed on TV. Reog Ponorogo is
from the district Ponorogo,
visualization of the legendary story
of Kediri.
years, Saman from Nanggroe
rather popular and is often
also a dance that originated
East Java, which is a
Wengker kingdom and the kingdom
-
A popular line dance
originated in Indonesia and also
early April 2011 Malaysian
dance for Muslims due to they
Christian dance and that its steps
called Poco-poco was
popular in Malaysia, but at
Islamic clerics ban poco-poco
believe it is traditionally a
make the sign of the cross.
Modern performing art
with their distinct style of
dance, and drama troupe such as
popularity in Indonesia as their
and political satire of
also developed in Indonesia
drama. Notable theatre,
Teater Koma are gain
drama often portray social
Indonesian society.
The art of silat was
in the islands of Java and
and practiced throughout
Centuries of tribal wars in
silat as it was used by the
Silat was used to determine
Indonesian kingdoms.
created and firstly developed
Sumatra. It is an art for survival
Indonesian archipelago.
Indonesian history had shaped
ancient warriors of Indonesia.
the rank and position in old
-
Contacts with Indians
enriched silat. Silat reached
mainly through diaspora of
various regions like Aceh,
Java, Banjar, etc. moved into
Peninsula and other islands. They
to their descendants. The
are also credited as the 1st
Europe.
and Chinese was further
areas beyond Indonesia
Indonesian people. People from
Minangkabau, Riau, Bugis, Makassar,
and settled in Malay
brought silat and passed it down
Indonesian of half-Dutch descent
to brought the art into
-
Silat was used by
during their struggle against
Unfortunately after Indonesia
silat became less popular
compare to foreign martial arts
This probably because silat
passed down among blood
lack of media portrayal of
Indonesian freedom fighters
the Dutch colonists.
achieving their independence,
among Indonesian youth
like Karate and Taekwondo.
wasn't taught openly and only
relatives, the other reason is the
the art.
Efforts have been made
introduce and reintroduce the
youth and the world.
individuals as well as
growing of silat's popularity,
States. Indonesian 2009 Silat
Indonesian efforts to introduce
scene.
in recent years to
beauty of silat to Indonesian
Exhibitions and promotions by
state-sponsored groups helped the
particularly in Europe and United
movie Merantau is one of
silat to international
-
Another martial art
Derajat. It is a modern combat
Drajat based on his experience
Tarung Drajat has been
KONI in 1998 and is now used by
basic training.
from Indonesia is Tarung
system created by Haji Ahmad
as a street fighter.
acknowledge as a national sport by
Indonesian Army as part of their
-
What Indonesian painting before the 19th century are mostly restricted to the decorative arts, considered to be a religious and spiritual activity, comparable to the pre-1400 European art. Artists name are anonymous, since the individual human creator was seen as far less important than their creation to honor the deities or spirits. Some examples are the Kenyah decorative art, based on endemic natural motifs such as ferns and hornbills, found decorating the walls of Kenyah long houses. Other notable traditional art is the geometric Toraja wood carvings. Balinese painting are initially the narative images to depict scenes of Balinese legends and religious scripts. The classical Balinese paintings are often decorating the lontar manuscripts and also the ceilings of temples pavilion.
Under the influence of the Dutch colonial power, a trend toward Western-style painting emerged in the 19th century. In the Netherlands, the term "Indonesian Painting" is applied to the paintings produced by Dutch or other foreign artists who lived and worked in the former Netherlands-Indies. The most famous indigenous 19th century Indonesian painter is Raden Saleh , the 1st indigenous artist to study in Europe. His art is heavily influenced by Romanticism. In 1920's Walter Spies began to settled in Bali, he is often credited with attracting the attention of Western cultural figures to Balinese culture and art. His works has somehow influenced Balinese artists and painters. Today Bali has one of the most vivid and richest painting tradition in Indonesia.
The 1920s to 1940s were a
in Indonesia. The
movement wasn't seen as a purely
developed. Painters began to see
inspiration. Some examples of
period are the Balinese Ida
Basuki Abdullah. The
was formed during this
contemporary art philosophy that saw
the artist’s individual or
expression of national cultural
time of growing nationalism
previous period of romanticism
Indonesian movement and didn't
the natural world for
Indonesian painter during this
Bagus Made and the realist
Indonesian Painters Association
period. PERSAGI established a
art works as reflections of
personal view as well as an
thoughts.
From the 1940s on,
techniques with Southeast Asian
that rooted in the
War and the post-World War
during this period, such as
artists started to mix Western
imagery and content. Painters
revolutionary movement of the World
period started to appear
Sudjojono, Affandi, and Hendra.
During the 1960s, new
abstract expressionism and
by the art community. Also
painters that are more concerned
Indonesian society began to
from the social problem such
rich and the poor,
national identity of Indonesia
painters through the use of a
During the Sukarno period this
promoted, but after 1965 it lost
communist tendencies.
elements were added when
Islamic art began to be absorbed
during this period, group of
about the reality of
appear, taking inspiration
as division between the
pollution, and deforestation. The
was stressed by these
realistic, documentary style.
socially-engaged art was officially
popularity due to its presumed
-
Three art academies
training in visual art: Bandung
in 1947; the Akademi Seni
known as ISI, in Yogyakarta
and the Institut Kesenian
Institute) or IKJ, was opened in
offer extensive formal
Institute of Technology founded
Rupa Indonesia or ASRI, now
was inaugurated in 1950;
Jakarta (Jakarta Arts
1970.

 

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