Jayakatwang

Jayakatwang

Jayakatwang was the king of short lived 2nd Kingdom of Kediri of Java, after his overthrow of Kertanegara, the last king Singhasari. He was eventually defeated by Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara's son-in-law using Mongol troop that was invading Java. Raden Wijaya would went to turn against the Mongol and found Majapahit, the greatest empire in Java.
Since 1271, Jayakatwang was viceroy of Kediri, a vassal state of Singhasari. Kediri was formerly the dominant kingdom in Java until overthrown in 1222 by Ken Arok, the 1st king of Singhasari. Jayakatwang was probably a descendant of the Kediri royal line, and thus held ambition to restore his line to power and rulership of Java.

His name is derived from ketawang, (rising, or

Sanskrit Jaya and Javanese appearing).

When the bulk of Javanese army in overseas, Jayakatwang seize his chance and launched the coup against Singhasari. He launched diversionary attack to the northern Java, where his troops draw the remaining Singhasari troops left in the island. With Singhasari defenseless he attack the capital city.
Kertanegara was killed along with many courtiers in his palace, apparently when they were drinking palm wine in a religious Tantric Buddhism ceremony. Jayakatwang then declare himself ruler of Java and king of the restored Kediri.
Among few surviving relatives of Kertanegara was Raden Wijaya, who fled to Madura where he was sheltered by its regent, Arya Wiraraja. Following Wiraraja plea, Jayakatwang forgive Wijaya, who in return submitting himself to Jayakatwang. Jayakatwang gave Wijaya land in Tarik forest in Brantas delta, to build a village that was later called Majapahit, from the sour beal tree that grow in the area.
Mongol expedition of the Yuan dynasty sent by Kublai Khan finally arrived in Java. Sailing from Quanzhou, and after journey from China through Champa and Karimata, landing at the port of Tuban in early 1293. Raden Wijaya seeing this event as opportunity to revenge Kertanegara's death and claim the throne of Java. He soon offered submission and allied himself with the Mongol, who wasn't aware on the recent political change in Java.
The Mongolian expedition consisted of 20.000 army with 1.000 boats and a year of grain provision. The expedition consisted mostly of southern Chinese conscript. They arrived at port of Tuban and soon preparing their fleet to enter the rivers of Java.
With Wijaya as guide, Mongol troop declared war against Jayakatwang. Wijaya's and his Mongol allies defeated captured Jayaktwang's navy in Surabaya at delta of Brantas river. Following the victory they easily marched along Brantas to Kediri in Java's interior. After heavy fight, they besieged and conquered Kediri. Jayakatwang was captured and then executed, in March 1293.
Thus the troops sent to Java that with the intention to punish the king who insulted the Mongols, ended up revenging his death and killing his usurper (Jayakatwang).
Jayakatwang restoration of Kediri was short-lived, but the event that happened during his reign played important part in the history of Java and Indonesia, especially in the rise of Majapahit under Raden Wijaya.
In disguise of returning to his domain in Majapahit to prepare tribute for the Mongol, Raden Wijaya would go on to betray his Mongol allies, who were exhausted after the war with Jayakatwang. He would drive them from Java and establishing Majapahit as the one of the greatest empire that rise from modern territory of Indonesia.

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