PT Kereta Api
PT Kereta Api Indonesia is the modern incarnation of a long line of successive state railway companies dating from Dutch colonial days.The 1st railway line in Indonesia began operations on August 10, 1867 in Central Java. By May 21, 1873, the line had connected three main cities in the region, i.e. [Semarang], Solo and Yogyakarta. This line was operated by a private company, Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij.
The liberal Dutch government of the era was then reluctant to build its own railway, preferring to give a free rein to private enterprises. However, private railways could not provide the expected return of investment, and the Dutch Ministry of Colonies finally approved a state railway system, the Staatsspoorwegen (State Railway), extending from Buitenzorg (now Bogor) in the west, to Surabaya in the east. Construction began from both ends, the 1st line (from Surabaya) being opened on May 16, 1878, and both cities were connected by 1894.
Private enterprises didn't completely get out of the picture, and at least 15 light railway companies operated in Java. These companies operated as "steam tram companies", but despite the name, were better described as regional secondary lines.
As befits a colonial enterprise, most railway lines in Indonesia had a dual purpose: economic and strategic. In fact, a condition for the financial assistance for the NIS was that the company build a railway line to Ambarawa, which had an important fort named Willem I for the Dutch king. The 1st state railway line was built through the mountains on the southern part of Java, instead of the flat regions on the north, for a similar strategic reason. The state railway in Java connected Anyer on the western coast of the island, to Banyuwangi on the eastern coast.
Other state railway lines in Sumatra were located in the Minangkabau area and the Lampung-South Sumatra region (1914รข€"1932). Both lines were mainly used for conveyance of coal from inland mines to ports.
Another important private railway line was the Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij. This line served regions producing rubber and tobacco in Deli.
During the Japanese occupation between 1942 and 1945, the different railway lines in Java were managed as one entity. The Sumatra systems, being under the administration of a different branch of the Japanese armed forces, remained separate.
During the war for independence between 1945 and 1949, freedom fighters took over the railways, creating the 1st direct predecessor to today's PT Kereta Api, the Djawatan Kereta Api Repoeblik Indonesia, on September 28, 1945. This date, not the 1867 one, is regarded as the birth date of Indonesian railways and commemorated as Railway Day every year.
In Sumatra, the separate systems were similarly taken over, named Kereta Api Soematera Oetara Negara Repoeblik Indonesia in North Sumatra and Kereta Api Negara Repoeblik Indonesia in South and West Sumatra.
On the other hand, the Dutch created its own combined railway system to manage the lines located on its occupied territory, the Verenigd Spoorwegbedrijf. By the time of Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence, the VS had most railway lines under its management, though not all were in operation.
With Indonesia's full independence in 1949, the separate systems were combined into the Djawatan Kereta Api. Non-state railway systems in Java retained their paper existence until 1958, when all railway lines in Indonesia were nationalized, including the Deli Railway, thereby creating the Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA: State Railway Corporation).
On September 15, 1971, PNKA was reorganized into Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api, in turn reorganized into Perumka (Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api: Public Railway Corporation) on January 2, 1991. Perumka was transformed into PT Kereta Api (Persero) on June 1, 1999.
The headquarters of the state railway system, since Dutch colonial days, had been located in Bandung, West Java. Private railway companies were headquartered elsewhere, in Semarang, Tegal, Surabaya and Medan.
Reactivate of dormant lines will be done by PT KA Daop II. For beginning, reactivate Bandung-Ciwidey line to ease road traffic congestion, reactivate Rancaekek-Tanjung Sari line to accommodate students activities. 4 others dormant lines are still in consideration.
All locomotives of the PT Kereta Api Indonesia are diesel-engined. Most new locomotives use electric transmission, while older and lighter ones have hydraulic transmission. A total of 451 locomotives are in the books, but the actual number of operational locomotives is smaller. A 2004 source mentions 374 operational locomotives. The oldest locomotive in the system dates from 1953.
The numbering scheme of locomotives dated from the Japanese occupation, using a combination of letters and numbers. A letter or a combination of letters is used to denote the wheel arrangement, and a three-digit number is used to denote the class (20x for classes with electric transmission and 30x for classes with hydraulic or mechanical transmission), starting from 0. A two- or three-digit number shows the individual number, starting from 01.
The steam locomotive classification was directly derived from Japanese practice. Tank locomotives were numbered from the 10's, while tender locomotives from the 50's. Letter combinations were used for articulated locomotives.
Electric locomotives in Indonesia had always been a minority, and no new electric locomotives had been acquired in the last 70 years. However, electric multiple units have been imported from Japan and elsewhere since 1976. These are operated by the Jabotabek commuter transport division of the PT Kereta Api Indonesia, which has been spun off in August 2008.
May 2011: After changing the rail between Purwosari station and Wonogiri station and also the bridges with R42, so line between Srangkah station, Solo and Wonogiri will be served by heavy electric diesel locomotives.
PT Kereta Api Indonesia is a major customer of the local railway equipment industry, PT Industri Kereta Api, by using passenger coaches, freight wagons and electric multiple units made by the Madiun-based company.
PT Kereta Api Indonesia's diesel-electric locomotives are mostly made in United States or Canada, while the diesel-hydraulics are mostly German. Electric multiple units are mostly Japanese-built. Local industry is capable of building multiple units, both diesel and electric.
In Java, PT Kereta Api Indonesia has its main diesel shop in Pengok, Yogyakarta for maintenance of both diesel electric and diesel hydraulic locomotives. The separate systems in Sumatra has their shops in Lahat (South Sumatra), Padang (West Sumatra) and Pulubrayan (North Sumatra).
Related Sites for PT Kereta Api
- Situs Resmi PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) read PT Kereta Api
- Recruitment Management System PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) read PT Kereta Api
- Lowongan Kerja PT Kereta Api (Persero) Terbaru Oktober 2013 - Info ... read PT Kereta Api
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