Gombloh : His songs about patriotism and heroism

Gombloh

Gombloh was born Soedjarwoto Soemarsono in Jombang on July 14, 1948. His parents were Slamet and Tatoekah. He studied at SMA Negeri 5 Surabaya. After graduating he continued his studies at the Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.
He moved to Bali after quitting his studies and became a street performer. After that, he joined the orchestra rock band, Lemon Tree's Anno '69, which was influenced by ELP and Genesis. They released Sekar Mayang, a Javanese language album, aside from their several Indonesian language albums.
In 1982, Gombloh released the album Gombloh Berita Cuaca. In 1983, he released Gila under Nirwana Records, which boosted his popularity; however, these early albums were not very successful commercially.
In 1984, he released 1/2 Gila. In 1986, Apel (Date [verb]) and Semakin Gila (Crazier) were released. Apel featured his most commercially successful song, "Kugadaikan Cinta" ("I Pawn Love"). In 1987, his last solo album, Apa Itu Tidak Edan (Is it Not Crazy) was released.
He died in Surabaya on January 9, 1988, due to lung disease. It has been attributed to his habit of staying up late and smoking.
Gombloh was different from other musicians. Asrat Ginting writes that some felt he wasn't worth watching, as he just wore white clothes, shoes without socks, dark glasses and a hat. Rolling Stone Indonesia also notes that Gombloh had a limited stage persona, looking as if he were constantly ill.
According to Rolling Stone Indonesia, Gombloh's songwriting style was similar to Rick Wakeman in that he drew on local culture and nature; among elements that he used were traditional songs and wayang. His lyrics were generally not confrontative, without being overly critical or grateful.
The themes of most of his music were humanity, patriotism, natural beauty, heroism and humor. Other songs, such as "Berita Cuaca", "Hong Wilaheng Sekareng Bawono Langgeng", "Denok-Denok Debleng", "Ujung Kulon Baloran", "3600 Detik" ("3600 Seconds"), "Kebayan-Kebayan", "Hitam Putih" ("Black and White") and "Kami dan Alam" ("We and Nature"), gave his perspective on social life. However, "Kugadaikan Cinta" was a highly commercial song, which has been described by Rolling Stone Indonesia as a symbol of idealism losing to pressure.
His songs about patriotism and heroism include "Dewa Ruci", "Gugur Bunga", "Gaung Mojokerto-Surabaya" ("Mojokerto-Surabaya Echo"), "Indonesia Kami" ("Our Indonesia"), "Indonesiaku Indonesiamu" ("My Indonesia, Your Indonesia"), "Pesan Buat Negeriku" ("Message for My Country") and "BK". He also wrote social phenomena songs, including "Doa Seorang Pelacur" ("Prayer of A Prostitute"), "Kilang-Kilang" ("Refineries"), "Poligami-Poligami" ("Poligamies"), "Nyanyi Anak Seorang Pencuri" ("Singing of Son of A Thief") and "Selamat Pagi Kotaku" ("Good Morning My City").
In 1996, several artists from Surabaya formed the Solidaritas Seniman Surabaya to commemorate Gombloh. They also created a bronze statue of him and placed it at Taman Hiburan Rakyat Surabaya. On March 30, 2005, Gombloh received the Nugraha Bhakti Musik Indonesia award from Persatuan Artis Penyanyi, Pencipta Lagu dan Penata Musik Rekaman Indonesia.
In 2009, Rolling Stone Indonesia listed two of Gombloh's songs, "Kebyar-Kebyar" and "Berita Cuaca", as some of the best Indonesian songs of all time. "Kebyar-Kebyar", ranked second, was noted as being played every year in the national celebration for the Independence Day ceremonies. "Berita Cuaca", ranked 98th, was called extremely dramatic in its comparison of children playing and dead forests.

Related Sites for Gombloh

• Gombloh â€" Free listening, concerts, stats, & pictures at Last.fm read Gombloh
• Mbah Gombloh ~ Berita Terbaru & Terupdate read Gombloh

Sang Pencerah

Sang Pencerah

Sang Pencerah is a 2010 Indonesian film directed by Hanung Bramantyo and starring Lukman Sardi, Zaskia Adya Mecca, and Slamet Rahardjo. It is a biopic of Ahmad Dahlan which describes how he came to found the Islamic organisation Muhammadiyah.
Sang Pencerah, produced to coincide with Muhammadiyah's centenary, was announced in November 2009. It was meant to be historically accurate, with much of the Rp. 12 billion budget paying for period costumes and sets. However, as documentation on the early years of Dahlan's life is lacking, those scenes were fictionalised. Sang Pencerah marks the feature film debut of Ihsan Tatote and Giring Ganesha.
Muhammad Darwis is a youth in 19th-century Kauman, Yogyakarta, and the son of Kyai Abubakar, the imam of the area's mosque. Displeased with the mixture of Islam and animistic Javanese mysticism, which leads to poor Javanese spending exorbitant amounts of money on religious ceremonies, Darwis decides to go on the hajj to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. While there, he studies what he considers the true form of Islam over a period of five years.
Upon his return to Yogyakarta, Darwis changes his name to Ahmad Dahlan and begins teaching Islam, preaching that prayers need only come from inner peace and don't require large donations or sacrifices. Conflict soon arises between Dahlan and the local kyais (religious leaders) after he shows that the direction in which they pray is wrong, pointing not to the Kaaba in Mecca but to Africa. The kyais, especially Cholil Kamaludiningrat (Slamet Rahardjo), decry Dahlan as the leader of a cult and provoke a crowd of their followers to destroy the building next to Dahlan's house used for studying prayer.
Dahlan continues to preach and teach, opening a school for native people, teaching Islam at a Dutch-run school, and opening a small mosque; he also marries his cousin, Siti Walidah. His actions, such as having his students sit on chairs instead of the traditional mats on the floor, lead to Kamaludiningrat decrying Dahlan as an unbeliever who is working to Westernise the local populace.
Despite continued resistance from Kamaludiningrat, Dahlan prevails and furthers his teaching. Together with Walidah, and the students Dirjo, Fahrudin (Mario Irwinsyah), Hisyam (Dennis Adishwara), Sangidu (Ricky Perdana), and Sudja (Giring Ganesha), he founds the progressive Islamic organisation Muhammadiyah, which preaches Islam without any influence from Javanese mysticism.
The film announced in November 2009. It was directed by Hanung Bramantyo, a Yogyakarta-born Muslim filmmaker. Bramantyo, who had previously directed the Islamic-themed Ayat-Ayat Cinta, considered Dahlan his favourite national hero; he later told The Jakarta Post that he admired the kyai's spirit. He also said that he had been wanting to make the film since he was a teenager. The film was meant to coincide with the 100 year anniversary of Muhammadiyah's founding.
Bramantyo attempted to make his film as historically accurate as possible. However, as no documentation of Dahlan's life before he went to Mecca exists, the scenes showing Dahlan's youth were fictionalized. The script underwent 12 revisions before the film was completed. Much of the film's budget of Rp. 12 billion was spent on costumes and sets to ensure accuracy. The crew restored several old buildings for their shots and custom-ordered 19th-century style traditional garments for their scenes.
Lukman Sardi, who played Dahlan, was also unaware of his character's historical biography before researching it; he noted that he wasn't very confident in playing the role. Indonesian Idol winner Ihsan Tatote was cast as the young Ahmad Dahlan, while the lead singer of the band Nidji, Giring Ganesha, was cast as Dahlan's protege Sudja; it was the feature film debut for both. Giring also wrote a song for the film, titled "Allah Maha Suci", over a period of two days.
On set, Mecca, who was pregnant at the time of shooting, found her physical condition "perfect" for the role as Walidah had been a large woman. However, her pregnancy led to Bramantyo worrying about a potential miscarriage during a scene where Mecca had to ride a traditional carriage with wooden wheels, which shook violently when moving.
In a 2011 interview with the Jakarta Globe after the release of his controversial film ?, Bramantyo said that he had intended Sang Pencerah to use Dahlan's life to examine different aspects of Islam. He meant for the film to show Islam as being a peaceful and truthful religion. Pramono, writing for Tempo, notes that the film presents a different side of Dahlan, who is usually portrayed as an old, bearded man who, in his opinion, seems neither modernist nor progressive.
Ahmad Muttaqin, a lecturer on comparative religious studies at Sunan Kalijaga Islamic University in Yogyakarta, sees the film as a critique of the current Muhammadiyah leadership, whom he describes as "narrow minded, intolerant, hav[ing] poor social respect, [...] rigid and allergic to progress".
Sang Pencerah was released on 8 September 2010, over the Eid ul-Fitr holiday; the increase in film attendance over the holiday is similar to blockbuster season for Hollywood films. According to Bramantyo, Sang Pencerah was seen by 1.1 million people while in theatres; a report from The Jakarta Globe says 1.2 million. It was the only Indonesian film of 2010 to sell over a million tickets.
Bramatnyo was accused of working for Muhammadiyah when creating the film, an accusation which he denied. He also was criticised by some Muslim groups, which considered him too liberal. The film wasn't nominated for best picture at the 2010 Indonesian Film Festival after several nominees threatened to withdraw if Sang Pencerah was nominated. Sang Pencerah later won best picture at the Bandung Film Festival, held in Bandung, West Java, on 6 May 2011.

Related Sites for Sang Pencerah

• Sang pencerah (2010) - IMDb read Sang Pencerah
• Hanung Bramantyo - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas read Sang Pencerah

Nugroho Notosusanto

Nugroho Notosusanto

Nugroho Notosusanto was born in Rembang, Central Java, Dutch East Indies, on 15 July 1930, the 1st of three children born to R.P. Notosusanto, a professor of Islamic law and later one of the founders of Gadjah Mada University, and his wife. The family was well connected, and several of Nugroho Notosusanto's relatives were bupati ; his grandfather, Notomidjojo, was likewise connected to the nobility. While still a child Nugroho Notosusanto began writing short stories; his father later recalled that they were filled with themes of struggle and nationalism. Another of Notosusanto's relatives, Budi Darma, later recalled that he had always stood at attention, "like a soldier", when the future national anthem "Indonesia Raya" was played.
Nugroho Notosusanto began his elementary education at a Dutch-run school in Malang, East Java, in 1937. The following year he transferred to a school for native Indonesians in the colony's capital at Batavia, graduating in 1942. He completed his junior high school studies in Pati.
During the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to 1949 Nugroho Notosusanto's family lived in the temporary national capital at Yogyakarta so that his father could work for the Ministry of Law. The younger Notosusanto fought for the revolutionaries. He 1st joined the 17th Brigade of Student Army, later transferring to the People's Security Army (Tentara Keamanan Rakjat). During this period he exclusively did reconnaissance and often slept at the homes of local villagers. Historian Katherine McGregor suggests that the influenced his later short stories, which took humanist themes.
After the end of the revolution, Notosusanto was given a choice between resuming his studies or going to Breda in the Netherlands for further military training. Influenced by his father's disapproval of the military, he finished his senior high school education, despite wanting to continue with the army. After graduating senior high school in 1951, he immediately enrolling with the faculty of literature at the University of Indonesia. However, he continued to resent the older generation and political leadership.
During the 1950s Notosusanto wrote extensively, focusing on essays but also writing poems and, later, short stories; the last of his creative works were written around 1956. He published four short story anthologies between 1958 and 1963. The first, Hudjan Kepagian, consisted of six short stories. It dealt with the struggle against the Dutch colonists during the revolution. His 2nd anthology, Tiga Kota (Three Cities), was published the following year and followed events in three cities: Rembang, Yogyakarta, and Jakarta. The others, and his numerous stories which were published outside of anthologies, mostly dealt with the war and the positive effects of revolution.
Aside from his writing, Notosusanto was active in student and political organisations, the student press, and academic conferences. With other students he picketed the British and French embassies in Jakarta, supporting independence for Egypt and Algiers. He also travelled extensively, visiting Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Japan, and the US on academic sorties. He completed his bachelour's degree in history from UI in 1958, becoming a lecturer at UI after graduation. On 12 December 1960 he married Irma Sawitri Ramelan. Together they had three children: Indrya Smita, Inggita Sukma, and Norottama.
By the early 1960s Notosusanto had abandoned his literary career, focusing instead on history. In 1960 he received a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation to study at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, England. He dropped out in 1961, and returned to Indonesia in 1962. Around this time he was recruited by General Abdul Haris Nasution to provide a version of the revolution amenable to the Indonesian Army and counter a Communist Party of Indonesia-backed history which ignored the Madiun Affair of 1948. In 1964 he was chosen as head of the Department of Military History. He also worked as a lecturer at UI.
During the mid-to-late 1960s Notosusanto wrote extensively on the military history of Indonesia, including a book on Supriyadi's anti-Japanese rebellion in 1945 and the Battle of Surabaya. His 1968 book on the 30 September Movement coup in 1965, written in collaboration with Ismail Saleh and entitled The Coup Attempt of the 30 September Movement in Indonesia, was the 1st on the subject to be published. It was later used as the basis for the pro-Suharto film Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI, for which Notosusanto received a writing credit.
Sometime after 1968 Notosusanto conceived of Satria Mandala Museum in Jakarta as a modern museum showcasing the military's role in the country's history. The museum, modeled after the Australian War Memorial in Canberra and the Museo Nacional de Historia in Mexico City, Mexico, opened in 1972 and contained numerous dioramas. In a later pamphlet Notosusanto wrote that dioramas were necessary as "the habit of reading is still developing... [thus] historical visualisation remains an effective way to express the identity of ABRI". In existing museums he revised the dioramas to better suit the needs of the New Order government.
During this period Notosusanto continued to teach, although he also became involved with administrative work at UI. He served as assistant dean at the university's faculty of literature between 1963 and 1964, later serving as assistant rector from 1964 to 1967. After writing his thesis on "The Peta Army During the Japanese Occupation in Indonesia", Notosusanto received his doctorate in 1977 from UI; the thesis was translated into Indonesian and published in 1979 by Gramedia. Two years later he was made a full professor.
Notosusanto was made a member of the Fourth Development Cabinet when it was formed on 16 March 1983, replacing outgoing minister Daud Jusuf and taking office three days later. During his two years as minister he worked on several programmes, including compulsory education and student selection systems. He also instituted a new curriculum, replacing the one which had been in use since 1975 and promoting the humanities. Concurrently with his work as Minister of Education and Culture, Notosusanto served as rector of UI; students were disapproving of his selection, considering him a military official sent to limit their freedom. He died at his Jakarta home on 3 June 1985 after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage and was buried at Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery. At the time he was a brigadier general, the highest rank then available for civilians in military service.
For his military and civilian service, Notosusanto received several awards from the Indonesian government, including the Bintang Dharma, Bintang Gerilya, Bintang Yudha, Dharma Naraya, and Satyalencana Penegak. McGregor describes him as "the central propagandist of the New Order regime", writing that he worked "tirelessly" to support the military. She argues that he controlled a "cult of personality" built around President Suharto, giving the reorganisation of history museums as an example. According to McGregor, Notosusanto relegated the country's 1st president, Sukarno, to a background role while he "inserted Suharto, together with other military men, into new places", legitimising the New Order government.

Related Sites for Nugroho Notosusanto

• Pengkhianatan G 30 S/PKI (1984) - IMDb read Nugroho Notosusanto
• HexaGrowth read Nugroho Notosusanto
• Plengdut: Perkembangan Kehidupan pada Masa Praaksara read Nugroho Notosusanto
• Daftar Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia - Wikipedia ... read Nugroho Notosusanto

Husein Sastranegara International Airport

Husein Sastranegara International Airport

The airport is located in the city of Bandung and is surrounded by mountains, thus the landing approach has unique characteristics. This airport handles smaller size aircraft types, such as CASA CN235 or F28, and larger airplanes, such as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 series. In late 2010, the number of flights from the airport reached a new high, of over 30 times a day and increasing rapidly. In August and September 2012, the airport will add a new terminal to overcome the existing overcapacity terminal with 900,000 passengers, while current passengers is 1.3 million passengers. The combined terminals capacities will be 3 million passengers.
The airport has been planned as the hub for Lion Air and Indonesia AirAsia.
The Airport was built by Dutch settlers in the colonial period, in Andir village. The airport was named Andir Airfield. Husein Sastranegara Airport is named after an Indonesian aviation hero from West Java, Husein Sastranegara.
The Bandung Air Show 2010 took place as a major event for the 1st time at the airport on September 2010, bringing international aviation audiences.
On the north side of the runway, there is a hangar owned by PT Dirgantara Indonesia. Moreover, the airport is also equipped with PAPI and VOR (VHF omnidirectional range), devices that help planes to land at night and other navigation tools.
Since 1 February 2009, the international-flight passengers are required to pay an airport tax of IDR 75,000, while domestic flight passengers are required pay an airport tax of IDR 25,000.
The airport is located at the end of Pajajaran Street. Taxi and public transport are widely available. Some hotels in Bandung have provided a free airport transfer service. Car rental also has been available.

The airport has carpark hundreds of cars.

facilities which can accommodate -

Related Sites for Husein Sastranegara International Airport

• Bandung Airport (Husein Sastranegara) Indonesia | Bandung Airport ... read Husein Sastranegara International Airport
• Landing smoothly at Husein Sastranegara International Airport ... read Husein Sastranegara International Airport

Trisakti shootings

Trisakti shootings

The Indonesian economy suffered in 1997 and 1998 due to the Asian financial crisis. The value of the Rupiah plummeted, with a record exchange rate of 2,682 rupiah per US$ by 13 August 1997 and continuing to free-fall.
By 1998, hundreds of students from universities across the country were demonstrating calling for President Suharto's resignation. A 16 May 1998 demonstration at the Bandung Institute of Technology saw 500 demonstrators, and by March larger demonstrations had occurred at the University of Indonesia and Gadjah Mada University. On 9 May 1998, a police officer, Dadang Rusmana, was reported to have been killed at a demonstration at Djuanda University.
A planned non-violent protest against the Suharto government started at Trisakti University on 12 May 1998. By 10:00 WIB, over 6,000 students, lecturers, and staff had assembled in the university parking lot. The demonstrators began by lowering the Indonesian flag to half mast.
As noon approached, protestors prepared for a "long march" to the People's Representative Council Building. A few hundred metres from the campus, they were stopped by the Indonesian National Police, in front of the West Jakarta Mayor's Office. In response, the protestors conducted a sit-in, completely blocking S. Parman Street. Military reinforcements for the police arrived not long after. At 15:30 WIB, Dean of the Faculty of Law Adi Andojo convinced the demonstrators to return to the Trisakti campus.
By that time, the security forces on-site at the time were the Police Mobile Brigade, 9th Cavalry Battalion, 203rd Infantry Battalion, KOSTRAD Air Defence Artillery, 202nd Infantry Battalion, Kodam Jaya riot squad and a motorised brigade. They were equipped with riot shields, tear gas, Steyr AUGs, and Pindad SS-1s.
By 17:00 WIB, most of the demonstrators had returned to the campus. Insults were then heard coming from the military and police; not long afterwards, they opened fire, causing the protestors to panic and scatter. Two students, Elang Mulya Lesmana and Hendriawan Sie, were shot and killed while attempting to enter the rectorate in the Dr. Syarif Thayes building.
An hour later, students who had not taken refuge within university buildings congregated in the open central plaza. Soldiers perched on the nearby rooftops continued shooting, wounding more students and killing another two, Heri Hartanto and Hafidin Royan. At roughly 20:00 WIB, the shootings stopped and the wounded were rushed to nearby hospitals.
At 22:00 WIB, Adi Andojo announced at a press conference broadcast live on the campus radio station MS3 FM that four students had been killed, and released their names.
Although the military has denied using live ammunition, autopsy reports indicated that the students had been shot with live rounds from a distance.
Elang Mulia Lesmana was a student at the Faculty of Architecture. On-campus, he was known for his humour, and during the demonstration was waving a sign saying "Lower the price of photocopies and perfume!" (Indonesian: "Turunkan harga fotokopi dan minyak wangi!"). He was shot outside the Dr. Syarif Thayes building and buried in Tanah Kusir Public Cemetery, South Jakarta.
Heri Hartanto was a student at the Faculty of Engineering. He wasn't known to be politically active. He was shot in the plaza near the Dr. Syarif Thayes building, not far from Hafidin Royan. He was also buried in Tanah Kusir Public Cemetery, South Jakarta.
Hafidin Royan was a student at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, known amongst peers for being a devout Muslim. During the demonstration he had been standing in one of the back rows, clapping his hands. He was shot through the head in the plaza near the Dr. Syarif Thayes building, not far from Heri Hertanto. He was buried in Sinargalih Cemetery, Bandung on 13 May 1998.
Hendriawan Sie Lesmana was a student at the Faculty of Economics. He was shot outside the Dr. Syarif Thayes building and later buried in Al Kawal Public Cemetery, West Jakarta.
The public uproar against the shootings led to the Indonesian riots of May 1998, which eventually transformed into a pogrom against Chinese-Indonesians, killing at least 1,200. As a result of the riots and similar ones nationwide, President Suharto resigned on 21 May 1998. Suharto's successor, Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, called Elang Mulia Lesmana, Heri Hertanto, Hafidin Royan, and Hendriawan Sie "reform heroes"
In November 2000, it was announced that the police summoned for questioning the eleven officers suspected of involvement by military police. By year's end, however, none of the suspects had been questioned.
The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights reopened the investigation in 2008 and submitted their findings to the Indonesian Attorney General's Office. The Attorney General's Office declared the investigation complete and returned all documentation.
As of May 2011, the Indonesian government has not closed the investigation into the events or punished any of those responsible, even though there have been demonstrations, rallies, and calls for expedition in 2008, 2010, and 2011. The Deputy Attorney General of Indonesia, Darmono, has promised to investigate the incident further.

Related Sites for Trisakti shootings

• Indonesian History | The Jakarta Post read Trisakti shootings
• Pembunuhan-Pembunuhan Massal Yang Terjadi Di Indonesia - Scribd read Trisakti shootings

Joko Anwar

Joko Anwar

Joko Anwar is an Indonesian filmmaker.
Joko Anwar was born in 3 January 1976 in Medan, North Sumatera where he grew up watching kung fu movies and horror films. He started making films at the early age of 7, later to be a big success.
During an interview with Nia Dinata for The Jakarta Post, the film producer was impressed and asked him to write for her new project which was later titled Arisan!. The film earned commercial and critical success and won numerous awards including "Best Film" at the 2005 Indonesian Film Festival and "Best Movie" at the 2004 MTV Indonesia Movie Awards. He went on to direct a feature film, the romantic comedy Janji Joni (Joni's Promise) (2005), which he wrote when he was in college in 1998. This feature directorial debut was the #1 box office hit in Indonesia that year and won "Best Movie" at the 2005 MTV Indonesia Movie Awards. SET Foundation which is chaired by renowned Indonesian filmmaker Garin Nugroho gave him a special award for innovative storytelling in a movie. Janji Joni (Joni's Promise) was selected in several prestigious international film festivals including by Sydney Film Festival and Pusan International Film Festival. The film revived the career of Barry Prima, an international cult martial-art actor, who is Anwar's childhood hero.
In 2007, Joko Anwar wrote and directed Kala, Indonesia's 1st tribute to film noir which won rave reviews from critics. Sight & Sound picked the film as one of the year's best and also named Anwar as one of the smartest filmmakers in Asia. The film was screened in numerous film festivals and won a Jury Prize at the New York Asian Film Festival. The Hollywood Reporter wrote the film as "a sophisticated noir whodunit in homage to Fritz Lang's "M."" The film has also been compared to the works of Alex Proyas and Kiyoshi Kurosawa.
In additions to films that Anwar directed himself, he has also written several screenplays for other directors, including a sex comedy Quickie Express which won Best Film of 2008 at the Jakarta International Film Festival and a cat-and-mouse thriller Jakarta Undercover. Both movies are box-office success. He also wrote Fiksi which won several awards in Indonesia including Best Film and Best Screenplay at the Indonesian Film Festival.
Anwar's next film, Forbidden Door, was released in 2009 which is a psychological thriller which has also received rave reviews from critics. Richard Corliss of TIME wrote that "As slick as it is sick, the movie could be Anwar's calling card for international employment, if only Hollywood moguls wanted something out of their own narrow range". He also mentioned the film as an "example of what movies could be but rarely dare to try". Maggie Lee of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Anwar's film "would make Hitchcock and Almodovar proud", and mentioned that "Joko Anwar accessorizes his creepy suspense-horror with a dazzling array of auteur-homage". The film has been screened in several film festivals including in The Times BFI London Film Festival, International Film Festival Rotterdam, New York Asian Film Festival, and Dead by Dawn.

Related Sites for Joko Anwar

• Joko Anwar (jokoanwar) on Twitter read Joko Anwar
• Joko Widodo - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas read Joko Anwar

Hamengkubuwono X

Hamengkubuwono X

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X (born BRM Herjuno Darpito, 2 April 1946 in Yogyakarta) is the current monarch of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate in Indonesia, and is currently also the governor of the modern Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Special Region. He was inaugurated on 3 October 1998.
During Dutch Colonialism prior to 1941, the governmental position of Governor was occupied by the Dutch-appointed Dutch Resident of Yogyakarta, with the Sultan maintaining a facade with merely ceremonial powers.
Due to special status granted to the Yogyakarta Region when the Republic of Indonesia was formed in 1945, in recognition of the late Hamengkubuwana IX's heroic support and role in the Indonesian War of Independence, the hereditary monarch was to hold the position of Provincial Governor. However, this provision wasn't honored by the Indonesian central government when Bendoro Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito ascended the throne in 1988 as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana X.
One of the two symbolically important banyan trees, namely Kiai Dewandaru planted during the reign of SS HB I fell in the Alun-Alun Utara coincidentally concurrently with the funerary rites of his late father SS HB IX, attributed by kejawen Javanese as a sign of immense grief of even the physical lands of the kingdom. The banyan was replanted with approval of SS HB X although it is diminutive beside the centuries-old Kiai Wijayadaru on the east flank.
Under the Suharto regime, vice-governor Sri Paku Alam VIII, prince of the subordinate enclave of Paku Alaman within Yogyakarta was instead elevated to the position of governor.
In 1998 the central government required an election be held for the post of Yogyakarta Governor and the 3rd of October 1998 SS HB X was democratically elected by Yogyakarta Provincial electorate as Governor.
SS HB X was a graduate of Public Administration at the Faculty of Law of Gajah Mada University in Yogyakarta.
SS HB X was active as Chairman DIY KADINDAII, Chairman of the DPD Golkar DIY (Golongan Karya Party Yogyakarta), Chairman of the DIY Sports Committee Chairman and Managing Director of PT Punokawan Construction, President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner, and in July 1996 was appointed Chairman of the DIY Expert Counsel to the Governor.
SS HB X followed the tradition of his late father Sri Sultan Hamengkubawana IX in the spirit of Indonesian Nationalism over self-interest by participating in street protests streets in support of the student demonstrations opposing Suharto's rule on May 14 of 1998, and like his illustrious father, wanted to be a pioneer in the Yogyakarta Reformation Movement albeit in a non-violent manner.
SS HB X was also one of the four key figures in the early reform period sparked Ciganjur Declaration urging the government to hold elections as soon as possible, because President BJ Habibie had neither Constitutional nor legal right to resume the presidency of Suharto who had just resigned.
SS HB X has stated his vision for his region and Sultanate is the development of science and technology, development of agriculture, tourism and world famous cultural industries and thus provide a fair and prosperous life to all his citizens.
SS HB X was nominated by popular choice, Golkar Yogyakarta Assembly as a Presidential Candidate for the 2009 Indonesian Presidential Election Campaign. SS HB X, though widely respected across all parties and nation-wide as neutral, honest and uncorrupted was ultimately unsuccessful in garnering support outside Central Java and was unsuccessful to attain 1st round voting position.
SS HB X has discontinued the polygamist tradition of Javanese royalty with kings having several wives and possible multiple concubines, as per his late father's wishes to modernize the royal system and thus women's rights, and to lead by example and is married to Queen consort Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas.
SS HB X resides in the Keraton Yogyakarta complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.

Related Sites for Hamengkubuwono X

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• Hamengkubuwono X: Latest News, Videos, Photos | Times of India read Hamengkubuwono X
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Endriartono Sutarto

Endriartono Sutarto

Endriartono Sutarto is a retired army general. The graduate of Indonesian Armed Forces Academy of 1971 Class is a former Indonesian Military (TNI) chief from 2002-2006.
Before assuming the highest helm at the military, Endriartono has served some key positions in the Army, including the Army Chief of Staff, the Army Deputy Chief of Staff and Commander of Indonesia Military School of Commander. Previously he also served as operation assistant to army’s chief of general staff at the TNI Headquarters. When former president Suharto stepped down on May 21, Endriartono was his commander of presidential guard.
Born from couple Sutarto and Siti Sumarti Sutarto, Endriartono has three children from his marriage with Andy Widayati.
Endriartono’s military career soared during the administration of former president Abdurrahman “Gus Dur” Wahid as on Oct. 9, the president installed him as Army Chief replacing Gen. Tyasno Sudarto.
Apart from his seasoned military knowledge, Endriartono who speaks fluent English has completed his undergraduate degree from Military Law School in Jakarta.
Endriartono has also taken a wide range of military courses while climbed up to top posts in the military, among others Sussarcab Infanteri, Suslapa I Infanteri (Infantry Officer Advanced Course), Army School for Commanders (SESKOAD), Armed Forces Commanders’ School (SESKO ABRI) and National Resilience Institute (Lemhanas). Besides, he also furthered his education to develop his specialty including Susjurpa Course, English Course, Air Borne, Ranger, Path Finder Course, Combat Instructor Course and Infantry Battalion Commander Course.
He attained military top post when former president Megawati Soekarnoputri appointed him TNI chief on June 2, 2002. The country’s history recorded him as the 12th Indonesian Military Chief.
The downfall of New Order and the birth of Reform era in 1998 have somehow served as a turning point for the Indonesian Military history. The TNI began its grueling job to reform its task, function and role in the newly exercised democracy by focusing on defense and security aspect and staying away from political arena. With pressures and the call of the era, TNI must be sterile from politics unlike in the past when military owned dual function in defense and security as well as in politics. History has it that TNI was an integral part of the New Order regime because the TNI, especially the army, was deemed as Suharto’s golden child. The latter was a five-star army general.
However, commitments shown from top down, TNI brass to its soldiers, have gradually won the public’s trust. The neutrality of the military was put on a test when the country had its first-ever direct election in 2004 as politicians and political parties attempted to draw military into political arena, yet again. Under the leadership of then Gen. Endriartono Sutarto, the forces strongly opposed the attempts. Firmly and consistently Endriartono prevented political hands to infiltrate into the institution. The 2004 elections was a success and dubbed the most democratic elections the country ever had. Retired military general, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was elected president and TNI remained keeping its distance from political practices. Endriartono has demonstrated his true patriotic call and played crucial role in keeping TNI neutrality in the 2004 general elections.
During his tenure, there were several major cases that involved TNI and security-defense policies in Indonesia. An instance of point in case was the making of Aceh peace truce that was achieved after a long diplomatic negotiation process in Helsinki, Norway. Endriartono, as TNI chief then, became a deciding factor in the success of Aceh peace agreement and its implementation in the westernmost province where Free Aceh Movement had been in war with the military. In the wake of tsunami that hit the province in 2004, doors were opened for both warring parties to agree on making peace.
For his commandable role and integrity in keeping TNI neutrality, advancing tsunami humanitarian operations instead of military operation in Aceh, maintaining peace during its critical times, and dedication to the country, on Nov 10, 2008 Modernisator recognized Endriartono and awarded him "Present Day Hero".
Other achievement that Endriartono made during his tenure as TNI chief was when he decided to place and rank all forces in purely equal linear position. The Army, the Navy and Air Forces were equal in so many ways.
Endriartono broke the old tradition in the military that the Army was perceived to be more dominant than other forces. And he made the change of tradition systematically, clearly and firmly. Certain posts usually assumed by army officers were hauled by balancing the structures and used merit-based appraisal to promote officers regardless of their forces.
Endriartono who was a high-ranking army officer announced that he deeply respected other forces; the Navy and the Air Forces. Under his leadership, officers from the Air Forces could begin assuming posts like Logistics Assistant Chief at the TNI Headquarters and even become chief of general staff, a post that had been traditionally, for decades, became a regular one for Army officer.
Likewise, the post of General Secretary at the Defense Ministry was for the 1st time assigned to an Air Force officer. Three-star-generals at the TNI Headquarters used to be dominated by the Army were restructured into three positions dedicated respectively for the Army, the Navy and the Air Forces. Endriartono tendered his post to a successor from the Air Forces.
Endriartono Sutarto went to overseas assignments and studies. He went to Egypt in 1975, Saudi Arabia in 1975 and the United States in 1977, New Zealand in 1983, Malaysia in 1984 and 2000. In 1989 he was assigned to Iraq and Iran, to Cambodia in 1991, Thailand in 1992 and England in 1995.
After resigning from military, Endriartono Sutarto continues his activities in a number of organizations. His passion for activism and organization was shown in his tender age when he chaired student organization at his school, public high school SMAN 2 Bandung from 1966-1967.
On September 2010, Endriartono was on advisory board for KPK defense team. His involvement in the board defending KPK had stirred speculations that there were “invisible powerful hands” were behind the attempts to criminalize KPK leaders then, Bibit Samad Riyanto and Chandra M. Hamzah. “I don’t want to speculate. But if that’s the case, with me in the board (Bibit-Chandra defense team), the ‘invisible powerful hands’ must think twice to continue whatever they intend to do,” Endriarto once said.
From 2010 Endriartono has been active as the executive chairman for 7 Summits Expedition Wanadri and also become an advisor for Indonesia Mengajar Movement. Tireless, Endriartono is also advisor for Indonesia Setara Foundation.
His experience in leading the armed forces of the world’s 4th most populously country with thousands of ethnic groups and competence in handling conflicts have earned recognition for Endriartono, not only at home but also overseas. He was invited by Military Dialog Center to help seeking resolution for Myanmar conflict.
Endriartono began his involvement in political practices in September 2012. Some suspect that Endriartono’s move to political stage is part of his plan to race in the 2014 presidential election. Endriartono formally joined in the National Democratic Party in September 30, 2012. During an interview at the popular talk show Mata Najwa aired by Metro TV, Endriartono said he had not yet joined in Nasdem Party but he was part of its mass organization. He officially began his political career as a member of Nasdem Party’s advisory council and has been rumored as strongest candidate to take the highest helm as the party chairman on the party’s upcoming national congress scheduled to be held at the end of January 2013.
Endriartono’s decision to join Nasdem Party has raised questions to many quarters. However, Endriartono stressed that he only had one reason that was to make a change. “It takes power to be able to make a change, without power we cannot do anything. That how the system works here. To get the power we must win the election, if not the presidential post, at least we can get a hold of the House of Representatives (DPR) so we can create pro-people policies,” he said.
In this LSI survey Endriartono is ranked 11th with a total score of 66. Commenting on the survey result, Endriartono said,” I thank all respondents. It is definitely a challenge to realize those expectations,".
On January 25, 2013 National Democratic Party organized a congress during which cofounder Surya Paloh was unanimously elected party chairman to serve 2012-2017 term. The congress also mandated Surya Paloh, as elected chairman, to compose a new line up of party executives, aimed at winning the legislative election in 2014. On February 8, Surya Paloh announced the new composition of Nasdem Party executive that included Endriartono Sutarto as chairman for its consultative council.

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Iskandar Muda, Indonesian Hero

Iskandar Muda

Iskandar Muda was the twelfth Sultan of Aceh, under whom the sultanate achieved its greatest territorial extent, and was the strongest power and wealthiest state in the western Indonesian archipelago and the Strait of Malacca. "Iskandar Muda" literally means "young Alexander," and his conquests were often compared to those of Alexander the Great. In addition to his notable conquests, during his tenure Aceh became known as an international center of Islamic learning and trade.
The successes of Iskandar Muda were based on his military strength. His armed forces consisted of a navy of heavy galleys each with 600-800 men, a cavalry using Persian horses, an elephant corps, conscripted infantry forces and more than 2000 cannons and guns. Upon gaining power, he began consolidating control over northern Sumatra. In 1612 he conquered Deli, and in 1613 Aru and Johor. Upon the conquest of Johor, its sultan, Alauddin Riayat Syah II, and other members of the royal family were brought to Aceh, along with a group of traders from the Dutch East India Company. However, Johor was able to expel the Acehnese garrison later that year, and Iskandar Muda was never able to assert permanent control over the area. Johor further built an alliance with Pahang, Palembang, Jambi, Inderagiri, Kampar and Siak against Aceh.
Iskandar Muda’s campaigns continued, however, and he was able to defeat a Portuguese fleet at Bintan in 1614. In 1617 he conquered Pahang and carried its sultan Ahmad Syah to Aceh, and thus achieved a foothold on the Malayan peninsula. This conquest was followed by Kedah in 1619, in which the capital was laid waste and the surviving inhabitants were brought to Aceh. A similar capture of Perak occurred in 1620, when 5,000 people were captured and left to die in Aceh. He again sacked Johor in 1623 and took Nias in 1624/5. At this point Aceh’s strength seriously threatened the Portuguese holding of Melaka. In 1629, he sent several hundred ships to attack Melaka, but the mission was a devastating failure. According to Portuguese sources, all of his ships were destroyed along with 19,000 men. After this loss, Iskandar Muda launched only two more sea expeditions, in 1630/1 and 1634, both to suppress revolts in Pahang. His sultanate maintained control over northern Sumatra, but was never able to gain supremacy in the strait or expand the empire to the rich pepper-producing region of Lampung on the southern part of the island, which was under the control of the sultanate of Banten.
The economic foundations of the sultanate was the spice trade, especially in pepper. The conflicts between Aceh and Johor and Portuguese Melacca, as well as the numerous pepper-producing ports in the sultanate's domain, were the main causes of the military conflict. Other major exports included cloves and nutmegs, as well as betel nuts, whose narcotic properties bypassed the Muslim prohibition of alcohol. Exports, encouraged by the Ottoman Sultans as an alternative to the "infidel" -controlled route around Africa, added to the wealth of the sultanate. Iskandar Muda also made shrewd economic decisions that supported growth, such as low interest rates and the widespread use of small gold coins (mas). However, like other sultanates in the area it had trouble compelling the farms in the hinterland to produce sufficient excess food for the military and commercial activities of the capital. Indeed, one of the aims of Iskandar Muda’s campaigns was to bring prisoners-of-war who could act as slaves for agricultural production.
One reason for Iskandar Muda’s success, in contrast to the weaker sultans who preceded and succeeded him, was his ability to suppress the Acehnese elite, known as the orang kaya. Through the royal monopoly on trade, he was able to keep them dependent on his favor. The orang kaya were forced to attend court where they could be supervised, and were prohibited from building independent houses, which could be used for military purposes or hold cannons. He sought to create a new nobility of “war leaders” (Malay language: hulubalang; Acehnese: ulexbalang), whom he gave districts (mukim) in feudal tenure. After his reign, however, the elite often supported weaker sultans, in order to maintain their own autonomy. He also sought to replace the Acehnese princes with royal officials called panglima, who had to report annually and were subject to periodic appraisal. An elite palace guard was created, consisting of 3,000 women. He passed legal reforms which created a network of courts using Islamic jurisprudence. His system of law and administration became a model for other Islamic states in Indonesia.
Iskandar Muda’s reign was also marked by considerable brutality, directed at disobedient subjects. He also didn't hesitate to execute wealthy subjects and confiscate their wealth. Punishments for offenses were gruesome; a French visitor in the 1620s reported "every day the King would have people’s noses cut off, eyes dug out, castrations, feet cut off, or hands, ears, and other parts mutilated, very often for some very small matter." He had his own son killed, and named his son-in-law, the son of the captured sultan of Pahang, as his successor, Iskandar Thani.
During Iskandar Muda’s reign, eminent Islamic scholars were attracted to Aceh and made it a center of Islamic scholarship. Iskandar Muda favored the tradition of the Sufi mystics Hamzah Pansuri and Syamsuddin of Pasai, both of whom resided at the court of Aceh. These writers' works were translated into other Indonesian languages, and had considerable influence across the peninsula. Both were later denounced for their heretical ideas by Nuruddin ar-Raniri, who arrived in the Aceh court during the reign of Iskandar Thani, and their books were ordered to be burnt.
The chronicle Hikayat Aceh was probably written during the reign of Iskandar Muda, although some date it later. It describes the history of the sultanate and praises Iskandar Muda in his youth. It was apparently inspired by the Persian Akbarnama for the Mogul Emperor Akbar.
Among the Acehnese, Iskandar Muda is revered as a hero and symbol of Aceh’s past greatness. Posthumously he was given the title Po Teuh Meureuhom, which means "Our Beloved Late Lord", or "Marhum Mahkota Alam".
He has several buildings and structures in and near Banda Aceh named after him, including the Sultan Iskandarmuda Airport and Sultan Iskandar Muda Air Force Base. Kodam Iskandar Muda is the name of the military area commands overseeing Aceh Province.

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Hasanuddin, Indonesian Hero

Hasanuddin of Gowa

Sultan Hassanudin was born in Makassar, Gowa Kingdom under the name I Mallombasi Muhammad Bakir Daeng Mattawang Karaeng Bonto Mangepe. He was the 2nd prince of the 15th King of Gowa, Sultan Malikussaid.
Upon his conversion to Islam, Hassanudin changed his name to Sultan Hasanuddin Tumenanga Ri Balla Pangkana.
After his accession to the throne of Gowa, Hasanuddin was faced with a turbulent situation as the Dutch colonized the East Indies. During this period, the Kingdom of Gowa was the sole large east Indonesian kingdom which not colonized by the Dutch. In 1666, under the leadership of Captain Cornelis Spellman, the Dutch East India Company sought to seize each and every east Indonesian kingdom to monopolized the spice trade, though were unable to colonize Gowa.
In order to resist Dutch encroachments, Hasanuddin tried to gather each of the kingdom’s military powers to attack the Dutch East Indies Company collectively. The wars between the Dutch and the States continued to worsen until the Dutch increased their military presence. Eventually the Kingdom of Gowa had no other choice but to agree to peace with the Dutch under the terms of the Bugaya treaty.
Following the signing of the Bugaya treaty, Gowa felt that the treaty was unfair and that they were disadvantaged by the terms of the treaty. As a result, Gowa continued to attack the Dutch. Finally, the Dutch sought military assistance from Batavia, resulting in a fierce and a bloody war between the Dutch and Gowa. The war continued until the company managed to conquer Gowa’s last stronghold, Sombaupu Fort, on 12 June 1669. Sultan Hassanudin retreated and abdicated as the King of Gowa. He died a year later, on 12 June 1670, and was buried in Katangka, Makassar.

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